Friends:
Caused by What ?
Ignorance causes mental
construction to arise.
Mental construction causes consciousness to arise.
Consciousness causes name-&-form, mind-&-matter to arise.
Name-&-form cause the-6-sense-sources to arise.
The-6-sense-sources cause contact to arise.
Contact causes feeling to arise.
Feeling causes craving to arise.
Craving causes clinging to arise.
Clinging causes becoming to arise.
Becoming causes birth to arise.
Birth causes ageing, decay, & death to arise.
Ageing, decay, & death cause Suffering to arise.
So is the emergence of this entire mass of pain!
There is becoming, birth, presence, decay, & ceasing of the mental moments.
There is becoming, birth, presence, decay, & ceasing of the material moments.
There is becoming, birth, presence, decay, & ceasing of the life of a being.
There is becoming, birth, presence, decay, & ceasing of the galaxies of the
universe.
This sweeping yet exhaustive description of causality applies to all these
above four
extreme time-scales and all those in between. Verily indeed a Universal
Generality is
this Dependent Co-Arising (Paticca Samuppāda)!
Dig it & keep digging. Then true understanding will ever expand:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/sutta/samyutta/sn12-002.html
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/sutta/samyutta/sn12-020.html
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/sutta/samyutta/sn12-044.html
http://What-Buddha-Said.net/library/DPPN/wtb/n_r/paticca_samuppaada.htm

The Blessed Buddha has said:
Profound,
Ananda, is this dependent origination, and profound does it appear.
It is through not understanding, not penetrating, this subtle law that
this world resembles a
tangled ball of thread, a bird's nest, a thicket of
grass or reed...
Any person who does not understand this, does neither escape from the lower
states of existence,
from the course of pain, misery & suffering, from this
round of rebirth.
Digha Nikāya 15
Whoever understands
dependent origination understands the Dhamma.
Whoever understands the Dhamma understands the dependent origination.
Majjhima Nikāya 28
Everything has a Cause: Conditioned Origination & Cessation:
http://What-Buddha-Said.net/drops/IV/Caused_by_What.htm
http://What-Buddha-Said.net/drops/Cohesive_Co-Origination.htm
http://What-Buddha-Said.net/drops/Collapsible_Co-Cessation.htm
http://What-Buddha-Said.net/drops/III/Causes_of_Emergence.htm
Everything has a Cause, but
which?